In detail, there are three common clauses that find their way into covenants not to compete: non-competition clauses, non-solicitation clauses and trade secrets/confidentiality clauses.
A non-competition clause prevents an employee from accepting a job with a competing company. The clause may look something like this: Employee expressly agrees and covenants not to compete directly or indirectly with Employer within a 500-mile radius of any of Employer’s marketing outlets either during the term of Employee’s employment or for a period of five years thereafter.
These clauses are aimed at preventing ex-employees from participating in the industry for a period of time following their employment.
A non-solicitation clause allows an employee to remain active in the industry but prevents him or her from soliciting employees, past customers, vendors or referral sources. It may look like this: During the term of your employment, and for a period of one (1) year immediately thereafter, you agree not to solicit or contact any employee or independent contractor of the Company on behalf of another business.
Generally, employers use these provisions for employees in sales positions or executive-level employees with strong customer relationships.
Provisions addressing trade secrets and confidential information are most common and frequently find their way into standard severance agreements. Here’s an example: Upon termination with the Company, all papers, documents, customer lists, and similar items containing Confidential and Proprietary Information, including copies thereof, shall be returned to the Company.
These clauses protect employers from sensitive documents hopping from one company to another.
In addition to contract provisions that prevent the disclosure of trade secrets, all states contain statutory protections forbidding employees from taking or divulging trade secrets to new employers.
But are they enforceable?